Technological innovations in regenerative medicine with new therapeutic biomaterials combatting increased bacterial resistance in emerging bone and joint infections. Deep infection is an increasing and feared complication severely affecting the outcome of bone and joint surgery. The demographic change has led to a significant increase of an ageing population having a Joint replacement for osteoarthritis or surgery for fragility fractures. The outcome of major joint surgery is hampered by infection rates of 1 to 5 % resulting in significant societal losses. An infection around an implant is impossible to treat with systemic antibiotic treatment only. It drastically affects human wellbeing impairing quality of life causing chronic pain and immobility. Repeated surgical procedures for eradication of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and at best reinsertion of a second prosthesis will be necessary. Still up to one fifth will end in permanent failure with a 5 % mortality rate caused by the infection.